What is an HTS code and how is it structured?
An HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule) code is a numerical classification assigned to every product imported into the United States. The code determines the applicable duty rate, any additional tariff layers, and trade reporting requirements. Every commercial import must be classified with an HTS code on the customs entry.
HTS codes are 10 digits long and follow a hierarchical structure. The first 2 digits identify the chapter (e.g., 61 = knitted apparel, 84 = machinery, 72 = iron and steel). The next 2 digits form the heading (e.g., 6109 = t-shirts, 8471 = computers). Digits 5-6 are the subheading (e.g., 6109.10 = cotton t-shirts). The remaining 4 digits are U.S.-specific statistical suffixes.
The first 6 digits are internationally standardized under the World Customs Organization's Harmonized System (HS). This means HTS 6109.10 refers to cotton t-shirts in every country. The final 4 digits are unique to U.S. tariff and trade statistics, making the full 10-digit code like 6109.10.00.12 specific to U.S. imports.
How do I find the correct HTS code for my product?
The official source for HTS codes is the USITC (U.S. International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule, available at hts.usitc.gov. You can search by keyword or browse by chapter. For example, searching "cotton t-shirt" will lead you to HTS 6109.10.00, while "laptop computer" maps to HTS 8471.30.01.
TariffCalc simplifies this process. Enter a product description and get the applicable HTS code along with all tariff layers (MFN, Section 301, Section 232, Section 122, and IEEPA) calculated automatically. This eliminates the need to cross-reference multiple federal register notices.
When classifying products, work from the General Rules of Interpretation (GRI). GRI 1 says classification is determined by the terms of the headings and relevant chapter notes. GRI 3 provides tie-breaking rules when a product could fit multiple headings. If you are unsure, you can request a binding ruling from CBP, which provides an official classification determination.
What if my product could match multiple HTS codes?
Products that seem to fit more than one HTS heading are classified using the General Rules of Interpretation. GRI 3(a) says the heading that provides the most specific description takes precedence. For example, a laptop bag might be classified under HTS 4202 (luggage and bags) rather than HTS 6307 (made-up textile articles) because 4202 specifically describes bags designed to carry equipment.
Composite products containing multiple materials are classified by their essential character under GRI 3(b). A steel water bottle with a plastic lid would be classified as an article of steel (HTS 7323) because the steel body gives it its essential character. The plastic lid is incidental.
When in doubt, a binding ruling from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) provides a legally binding classification. Rulings typically take 30-120 days and remain valid until revoked. You can also search the CROSS database (Customs Rulings Online Search System) for existing rulings on similar products.